You might be familiar with my three volumes of Glimmerings, mostly short comments on whatever I want to comment. Since it is unclear whether I will ever finish a fourth volume, I have decided to post what might be of some interest. If these posts produce sales for the three volumes (1001 comments per volume), then I might just be encouraged to keep posting and publishing.
From Glimmerings IV, #3020. Examples of Self-Refutation
(aka Self-Referential Absurdity)
A statement making a universal
claim must itself be consistent with the claim. If the statement conflicts with
the claim, the statement refutes the claim. For example, the statement, “All
sentences are four words long,” is in conflict with the claim, since the
sentence is six words long. Therefore, the statement itself refutes the claim,
creating a self-refutation.
Note the examples and commentary
here:
1. To find
truth, we must begin without any a priori assumptions.
1a. This
statement itself is an a priori assumption. Who says that we must have such an
assumption or lack of assumptions before we can find truth?
2. Nothing must
be admitted as true without empirical verification.
2a. Since the
statement cannot be verified empirically, it must not be admitted as true. Note
that very few philosophical claims are subject to empirical verification: there
is no experiment you can do to prove them.
3. Nothing can
be known with certainty.
3a. In that
case, the correctness or error, the truth or the falseness of this statement
cannot be known with certainty. Therefore, it might be still possible for
something to be known with certainty.
4. All truth is
subjective opinion.
4a. In that
case that claim is subjective opinion and is not true in any absolute or
universal sense.
5. There are no
absolutes.
5a. In that
case that statement is not absolutely true.
6. Truth does
not exist.
6a. In that
case this statement is not true. Or worse, the statement cannot be explicated,
because without a referent (truth), there is no way to test the correspondence of
the statement with the referent.
7. Everything
should be questioned and doubted until it is proved.
7a. Okay, so then
we will question and doubt that the statement is true until it is proved, which
is impossible.
8. Everything I
say is a lie.
8a. Is that
really true? If it is really true, then the statement is false. Or if you are indeed
lying, then not everything you say is a lie and the statement is false.
9. I believe in
nothing.
9a. Do you
really believe that?
10. Words
convey no meaning—only deeds convey meaning.
10a. Um,
exactly what do you mean?
11. Truth is
merely a social construct.
11a. So then your
claim is a social construct and is not true in any absolute sense. Or maybe it’s
true for you but not for me.
12. All
interpretation is misinterpretation.
12a. Then there
is no accurate way to interpret the meaning or cogency of this statement.
13. There is no
universal meaning.
13a. Then no
one can know what that statement means.
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